See noctula on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nottola"
},
"expansion": "Italian: nottola",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: nottola (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "nuitre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: nuitre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: nuitre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "nòtoła"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: nòtoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: nòtoła"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "itoulă",
"3": "niétôla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: itoulă, niétôla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: itoulă, niétôla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "nuchola"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: nuchola\nOccitan: nichola",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: nuchola\nOccitan: nichola"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noctua",
"3": "-ulus",
"alt2": "-ula",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix",
"t1": "night-owl"
},
"expansion": "noctua (“night-owl”) + -ula (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "it",
"3": "nottola"
},
"expansion": "Italian nottola",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fr",
"3": "noctule"
},
"expansion": "French noctule",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Nyctalus noctula",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Nyctalus noctula",
"name": "taxlink"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From noctua (“night-owl”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).\nSense 2 borrowed from Italian nottola and sense 3 from French noctule, both ultimately from sense 1 of the Latin word. Among the earliest examples of its scientific usage is the species name Nyctalus noctula, coined in 1774 by Schreber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "noctulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "noctula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noctula<1>"
},
"expansion": "noctula f (genitive noctulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noctula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They would have nursing women eat the udders of any animal and even drink solutions of water or wine containing the ashes of incinerated bats or night-owl(s).",
"ref": "ca. 5th–6th c. CE, Mustio, Gynaecia, section LXXXIII:",
"text": "iubebant nutrientibus ut ubera omnium animalium manducarent vespertilionum etiam conbustorum vel noctule cineres cum vino bibere dabant vel cum aqua solutum",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"presumably same sense as noctua"
],
"id": "en-noctula-la-noun-la:1",
"links": [
[
"noctua",
"noctua#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, hapax) presumably same sense as noctua"
],
"senseid": [
"la:1"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 51 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 60 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 54 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Screech-owls are nocturnal birds named after the cacophany that they emit. They are called cavones or noctulas in the vernacular.",
"ref": "Ca. 1220's, Sermon by Saint Anthony of Padua",
"text": "Ululae sunt aves nocturnales, dictae ab ululatione vocis quam efferunt, quas vulgo cavones vel noctulas dicunt."
},
{
"ref": "1338, Deed of sale in Vicovaro, Italy",
"text": "et medietatem castellarii seu casalis quod dicitur Gripta de Noctulis\n…and half of the estate known as Gripta de Noctulis [sc. Grotta di Nottole]…"
}
],
"glosses": [
"latinisation of the Italian nottola (name for various bats and birds)"
],
"id": "en-noctula-la-noun-la:2",
"links": [
[
"nottola",
"nottola#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) latinisation of the Italian nottola (name for various bats and birds)"
],
"senseid": [
"la:2"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "la:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Page 17:) [....] On the thirteenth of February, 1782, I took a fallen Noctula from a cathedral and placed it in a chest in my study, where it continued to hibernate despite the warmth. [....]\n(Page 172:) [The Ardea ciconia] eagerly chased down a Vespertilio noctula, even though the latter was thoroughly stained with pitch from the boots of passers-by, and after brutally pecking it for quite some time, finally swallowed it alive and screaming.",
"ref": "1804, Johannes Hermann, edited by Fridericus Ludovicus Hammer, Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur, pages 17, 172:",
"text": "(Page 17:) VESPERTILIO NOCTULA. [...] Noctula quam Ao. 1782. d. 13. Februarii deciduam ex templo cepi, in museo meo scatulae inclusa hybernare continuavit, quamvis quotidie calefieret. [...] In alia tertio fructiferi mensis anni 6. die (1794. Augusto) mihi allata, quam ego eandem cum Noctula esse puto, color in dorso et ventre uniformiter fuscus, membrana alarum auresque nigrae.\n(Page 172:) Vespertilionem noctulam vivam clamosamque, etiam praetereuntium calceis navali pice forte imbutam, tamen avide petiit, diverberatamque diu rostro tandem deglutiit.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[The species] Vespertilio murinus and Vespertilio noctula use a foul greasy secretion to lubricate their wings, according to Tiedemann.",
"ref": "1830, Johannes Müller, De glandularum secernentium structura penitiori earumque prima formatione in homine atque animalibus, page 40:",
"text": "Secretum in Vespertilione murino et V. noctula foetidum atque adiposum auctore Ill. Tiedemann alis lubricandis inservit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a noctule"
],
"id": "en-noctula-la-noun-la:3",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"noctule",
"noctule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin, biology) a noctule"
],
"senseid": [
"la:3"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnok.tu.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔkt̪ulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber"
],
"word": "noctula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from French",
"Latin terms borrowed from Italian",
"Latin terms derived from French",
"Latin terms derived from Italian",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ulus",
"Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nottola"
},
"expansion": "Italian: nottola",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: nottola (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "nuitre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: nuitre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: nuitre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "nòtoła"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: nòtoła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: nòtoła"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "itoulă",
"3": "niétôla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: itoulă, niétôla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: itoulă, niétôla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "nuchola"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: nuchola\nOccitan: nichola",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: nuchola\nOccitan: nichola"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noctua",
"3": "-ulus",
"alt2": "-ula",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix",
"t1": "night-owl"
},
"expansion": "noctua (“night-owl”) + -ula (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "it",
"3": "nottola"
},
"expansion": "Italian nottola",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fr",
"3": "noctule"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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"1": "Nyctalus noctula",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Nyctalus noctula",
"name": "taxlink"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From noctua (“night-owl”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).\nSense 2 borrowed from Italian nottola and sense 3 from French noctule, both ultimately from sense 1 of the Latin word. Among the earliest examples of its scientific usage is the species name Nyctalus noctula, coined in 1774 by Schreber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "noctulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "noctula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "noctula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "noctulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noctula<1>"
},
"expansion": "noctula f (genitive noctulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noctula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
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"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Latin hapax legomena",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They would have nursing women eat the udders of any animal and even drink solutions of water or wine containing the ashes of incinerated bats or night-owl(s).",
"ref": "ca. 5th–6th c. CE, Mustio, Gynaecia, section LXXXIII:",
"text": "iubebant nutrientibus ut ubera omnium animalium manducarent vespertilionum etiam conbustorum vel noctule cineres cum vino bibere dabant vel cum aqua solutum",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"presumably same sense as noctua"
],
"links": [
[
"noctua",
"noctua#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, hapax) presumably same sense as noctua"
],
"senseid": [
"la:1"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Screech-owls are nocturnal birds named after the cacophany that they emit. They are called cavones or noctulas in the vernacular.",
"ref": "Ca. 1220's, Sermon by Saint Anthony of Padua",
"text": "Ululae sunt aves nocturnales, dictae ab ululatione vocis quam efferunt, quas vulgo cavones vel noctulas dicunt."
},
{
"ref": "1338, Deed of sale in Vicovaro, Italy",
"text": "et medietatem castellarii seu casalis quod dicitur Gripta de Noctulis\n…and half of the estate known as Gripta de Noctulis [sc. Grotta di Nottole]…"
}
],
"glosses": [
"latinisation of the Italian nottola (name for various bats and birds)"
],
"links": [
[
"nottola",
"nottola#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) latinisation of the Italian nottola (name for various bats and birds)"
],
"senseid": [
"la:2"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"New Latin",
"la:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Page 17:) [....] On the thirteenth of February, 1782, I took a fallen Noctula from a cathedral and placed it in a chest in my study, where it continued to hibernate despite the warmth. [....]\n(Page 172:) [The Ardea ciconia] eagerly chased down a Vespertilio noctula, even though the latter was thoroughly stained with pitch from the boots of passers-by, and after brutally pecking it for quite some time, finally swallowed it alive and screaming.",
"ref": "1804, Johannes Hermann, edited by Fridericus Ludovicus Hammer, Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur, pages 17, 172:",
"text": "(Page 17:) VESPERTILIO NOCTULA. [...] Noctula quam Ao. 1782. d. 13. Februarii deciduam ex templo cepi, in museo meo scatulae inclusa hybernare continuavit, quamvis quotidie calefieret. [...] In alia tertio fructiferi mensis anni 6. die (1794. Augusto) mihi allata, quam ego eandem cum Noctula esse puto, color in dorso et ventre uniformiter fuscus, membrana alarum auresque nigrae.\n(Page 172:) Vespertilionem noctulam vivam clamosamque, etiam praetereuntium calceis navali pice forte imbutam, tamen avide petiit, diverberatamque diu rostro tandem deglutiit.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[The species] Vespertilio murinus and Vespertilio noctula use a foul greasy secretion to lubricate their wings, according to Tiedemann.",
"ref": "1830, Johannes Müller, De glandularum secernentium structura penitiori earumque prima formatione in homine atque animalibus, page 40:",
"text": "Secretum in Vespertilione murino et V. noctula foetidum atque adiposum auctore Ill. Tiedemann alis lubricandis inservit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a noctule"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"noctule",
"noctule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin, biology) a noctule"
],
"senseid": [
"la:3"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnok.tu.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔkt̪ulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber"
],
"word": "noctula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for noctula meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Latin, hapax",
"path": [
"noctula"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "noctula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Latin, hapax",
"path": [
"noctula"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "noctula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.